Catechol-based derivatives for treating or preventing diabetics

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides a catechol-based derivative and a pharmaceutical acceptable salt therefrom and a solvate therefrom. A pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating diabetes and ischemia, comprising a catechol-based derivative of formula (I) and at least one selected from the group consisting of a pharmaceutical excipient, a diluent and a carrier.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a Divisional Application of the Non-provisionalapplication Ser. No. 12/368,167 filed Feb. 9, 2009, which is aContinuation-in-part Application of the International ApplicationPCT/CN2006/001991 filed Aug. 7, 2006. The entire contents of these priorapplications are hereby incorporated by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a compound having an antioxidantactivity and the ability to prevent and treat diabetes or ischemia andthe preparation thereof. More particularly, the present inventionrelates to a catechol-based derivative and the preparation thereof.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

There are currently 15.7 million people or 5.9% of the population in theUnited States who suffer from diabetes mellitus. Each day approximately2,200 people are diagnosed with diabetes and roughly 798,000 people willbe diagnosed this year. Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death(sixth-leading cause of death by disease) in the United States.

Diabetes mellitus, more commonly known as diabetes, is a disease inwhich body does not produce and/or properly use insulin, a hormone thataids the body in converting sugars and other foods into energy. In anon-diabetic individual, insulin is produced in the pancreas at theislets of Langerhans in response to an increase in glucose in the gutand/or blood. Insulin then acts in conjunction with the liver to controlglucose metabolism in the body. While diabetes is typically consideredas a blood-sugar disease, diabetes may result in numerouslife-threatening complications. For example, diabetes may lead tovarious microvascular diseases, such as coronary artery heart disease,retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Diabetes mellitus is a medicaldisorder characterized by varying or persistent hyperglycemia (highblood sugar levels) resulting from the defective secretion or action ofinsulin. Nowadays, the complication of diabetes can be controlled bymaintaining the glucose level in advance to prevent or defer thedevelopment of illness. Therefore, it is worth to develop a powerfulanti-diabetic drug for controlling the patient's glucose level within anormal range.

There are several types of diabetes mellitus, which is classified basedon their aetiology:

1. Type 1: Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), commonly referredto as Type 1 diabetes, is an auto-immune disease. Type 1 diabetes occurswhen body's immune system attacks and destroys beta cells in the isletsof Langerhans in the pancreas. Beta cells normally produce insulin. Ifthe beta cells are destroyed, no insulin can be produced, and glucosestays in the blood, where high level of glucose can cause serious damageto all organ systems in the body. Type 1 diabetes may affect as many as1 million people in the United States.

2. Type 2: Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), commonlyreferred to as Type 2 diabetes, is a metabolic disorder resulting frombody's inability to produce sufficient insulin or properly use theinsulin produced. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by peripheral insulinresistance with an insulin-secretory defect that varies in severity.Roughly 90 percent of all diabetic individuals in the United Statessuffer from Type 2 diabetes, which is usually associated with obesityand a sedentary lifestyle.

3. Specific type: The aetiology of this type of diabetes, which is asecondary diabetes, can be traced to other diseases such asHemochromatosis and Cushing's syndrome.

4. Gestational Diabetes

Under normal conditions, patients suffering from type 1 diabetes musttake or inject insulin for body's necessary functions. This meansundergoing multiple injections daily, or having insulin deliveredthrough an insulin pump, and testing their blood sugar by pricking theirfingers for blood about six or more times a day. Patients suffering fromType 2 diabetes often control their glucose level in the blood by takinganti-diabetic drug orally. The present oral anti-diabetic drugs areclassified into five types.

1. Sulfonylurea-based derivative: This type of medicine binds to asulfonylurea receptor existing in an ATP-dependent K⁺ channel on thecell membrane of pancreatic beta cells, resulting in the inhibition ofthe K_(ATP) channel and depolarization of membrane potential. As aresult, voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels are opened, and the rise inintracellular calcium leads to increased secretion of (pro)insulin.

2. Biguanide-based derivative: Metformin is the most common drug in thisclass. Metformin stimulates a hepatic enzyme, AMP-activated proteinkinase (AMPK), which enhances GLUT4 translocation to increase glucoseuptake and utilization. In addition, Metformin increases the sensitivityof muscle cells to insulin, increasing muscle cell's ability to storeglucose.

3. Thiazolidinedione-based derivatives: this class of drugs binds toPPARs (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors), a group of receptormolecules inside the cell nucleus, specifically PPARγ (gamma). This kindof drugs could enhance the insulin activity in the muscles and fattytissues, as well as reduce the glucose synthesis in the liver andpromote the conversion of blood sugar into the fatty acids.

4. α-glucosidase inhibitor: This kind of drug is capable of inhibitingthe activities of both pancreas α-amylase and intestinal α-glucosidase,so that the degradation of starch and carbohydrate is inhibited.Therefore, the glucose absorption into the intestine is reduced.

5. Meglitinide-based derivatives: This kind of drugs binds to 36 kDareceptor existing in an ATP-dependent K⁺ channel on the cell membrane ofpancreatic beta cells, leading to the inhibition of the ATP-dependentpotassium channels in beta cells and opening of the calcium channels.The resulting calcium influx causes the cells to secrete insulin. Thesedrugs act quickly when taken orally. Thus, it is recommended that thesedrugs be taken before meals to help control the rise in blood sugarlevels after meals.

In addition, earlier studies showed that several catechol-containingnatural products, such as caffeic acid (Hsu F L, Chen Y C, Cheng J T etal., Planta Med, 66(3), 228-230, 2000), extracts of propolis from northChina (Fuliang H U, Hepburn H R et al., Pharmacol Res, 51(2), 147-152,2005), extracts of propolis from Brazil (Matsui T, Ebuchi S, Fujise T etal, Biol Pharm Bull, 27(11), 1797-1803, 2004), capsaicin (Tolan I,Ragoobirsingh D, Morrison E Y., Phytother Res, 18(1), 95-96, 2004),curcumin (Mahesh T, Sri Balasubashini M M, Therapie 2004, 59(6):639-644), and the like, are effective in lowering blood sugar.

Diabetes is often associated with cardiovascular diseases, particularly,ischaemic heart disease, which is a disease characterized by reducingblood supply to the heart. Ischaemic hear disease often results in acutemyocardial infarction (AMI), a congestive heart failure, arrhythmia, andsudden death. It is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality inmost industrial countries. According to statistics published by theUnited State government in 2001, death resulting from ischaemic heartdisease accounts for 20% of total death numbers (approximately 60million deaths per year) (Myerburg R J., Cardiovasc Electrophysiol., 12,369-381, 2001), wherein the majority of the deaths is caused by suddendeath of people falling ill for first time. In addition, it is estimatedthat there are approximately 110 million Americans suffering from AMI in2001, including new cases and recurrence cases. Many patients notedabove develop subsequent complications, which cause heart failures anddeaths. In recent years, the increase in aging population and othercommon complications, such as the obesity and the diabetes, puts agreater burden on public health budgets for ischaemic heart disease.Therefore, how to effectively minimize ischemia and reduce injuriesassociated with reperfusion of ischaemic hearts has become an importantmedical issue.

Two key factors impact the outcome of treating ischaemic heart diseases.One is to take actions to prevent or minimize cardiac arrhythmia. Mostpatients suffering from acute myocardial infarction die from arrhythmia;some of these patients may survive because of spontaneous recovery ofthe heart rhythm or after a cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).However, the success in the treatment for cardiac arrest has been dismalin the past thirty years.

Another factor is to minimize the size of myocardial infarction due toischemia or ischaemia-reperfusion. The degree of recovery depends on theextent of injury of the cardiac muscle after ischaemia orischaemia-reperfusion. The standard protocols for treating acutemyocardial infarction include giving patients thrombolytic agent orperforming percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Thesetreatments could immediately recover the blood flow to the heart.Although such treatments are helpful in preventing further deteriorationof the ischaemic cardiac muscles, they may lead to complications.Particularly, in high risk populations, surgery may lead to prolongedcontractile dysfunction (or stunning), perioperative myocardialinfarction, and cardiac failure. Therefore, there still exists a needfor novel auxiliary treatments to be used in conjunction with theperfusion therapy to prevent injuries to the cardiac muscle caused byischaemia or ischaemia-reperfusion.

The present invention provides a series of catechol-based derivatives,which promotes blood flow in the coronary artery, suggesting that theyare capable of preventing or treating injuries of the cardiac musclescaused by ischaemia or ischaemia-reperfusion. Embodiments of the presentinvention not only solves the problems described above, but also is easyto implement.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to overcome the drawbacks in the prior art, the presentinvention provides a novel catechol-based derivative, which includes oneselected from the group consisting of a compound of a formula (I), apharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof, and a solvate thereof,

wherein R₁ and R₂ are independently selected from the group consistingof H, —OR, —NO₂, —NH₂, and a halogen; R in the —OR is one selected fromthe group consisting of H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (CH₂)_(n)Ph, SO₃ ⁻, and Ar; R₃is one of O and S; R₄ is N; X and Y are selected from the groupconsisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and —OCH₂—; R₅ is one selectedfrom the group consisting of H, (C₁-C₁₅)alkyl, (CH₂)_(n)Ar and Ar; R₆ isone of H and (C₁-C₆) alkyl and n is an integer from 1˜3.

Preferably, the two R₁ substituents on the benzene ring form thefollowing structure:

Preferably, R₅-R₄-R₆ fauns a cyclic structure selected from the groupconsisting of:

wherein m is an integer from 2-6.

Preferably, Ar is capable of being substituted by one selected from thegroup consisting of

and a heteroaryl group;

wherein R₇, R₈, R₉ are selected from the group consisting of H, —OH,—OCH₃, —NO₂, —NH₂, —NH₃ ⁺, and a halogen; and X— represents an organicbase or an inorganic base.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, apharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating diabetics,comprising a catechol-based derivative described above and at least oneselected from the group consisting of a pharmaceutical excipient, adiluent and a carrier is provided.

Preferably, the pharmaceutical composition is used for preventing andtreating damages of kidney, brain and heart resulting from anobstruction of a blood vessel (i.e., ischemia).

In accordance with further aspect of the present invention, apharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating ischemia,comprising a catechol-based derivative described above and one selectedfrom the group consisting of a pharmaceutical excipient, a diluent and acarrier.

Preferably, the pharmaceutical composition is used for preventing andtreating damages of kidney, brain and heart resulting from anobstruction of a blood vessel (i.e., ischemia).

The above aspects and advantages of the present invention will becomeapparent to those ordinarily skilled in the art after reviewing thefollowing detailed descriptions and accompanying drawings, in which:

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows results from intravenous glucose tolerance test (IGTT) inresponse to the treatment with compound 370G;

FIG. 2 shows areas at risk of ischemia after the coronary artery isligated; and

FIG. 3 shows the ratios of the cardiac infract size in response totreatment with 370G at different doses.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

The present invention will now be described more specifically withreference to the following embodiments. It is to be noted that thefollowing descriptions of preferred embodiments of this invention arepresented herein for the purposes of illustration and description only;it is not intended to be exhaustive or to be limited to the precise formdisclosed.

The present invention discloses a series of catechol-based derivatives.The catechol-based derivatives having the formula (I) may be prepared byreacting caffeic acids with alcohols in the presence of an inorganicacid as a catalyst, or alternatively by refluxing the compoundcontaining RNH₂ functional groups with the acyl chloride formed byreacting 3(3,4-methylendioxyphenyl)-propenoic acid with dichloromethane(CH₂Cl₂) and thionyl chloride (SOCl₂). An alternative synthesis of thecatechol-based derivatives is to mix N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and BOP(Benzotrizoly-N-hydroxy trisdimethylamono) phosphoniumhexafluororophosphate) in dichloromethane, followed by refluxing theresultant solution with an amino compound, RNH₂.

Substitution of Functional Group

Reactants for the present invention could be prepared by esterificationto convert the original functional group into an ester group. Forexample, methyl ester may be prepared by refluxing a mixture ofp-toluenesulfonic acid (TsOH) and 2,2-dimethoxypropane in methanol. Ifanother ester is desired, it could be prepared by refluxing the mixtureof p-toluenesulfonic acid (TsOH) and 2,2-dimethoxypropane in a desirealcohol. The resultant ester may be dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF)and reduced with LiAlH₄ to the corresponding alcohol. The resultantalcohol may be dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF), deprotonated withsodium hydride (NaH), and reacted with an alkyl bromide (RBr) to producean ether compound.

Scheme 1 illustrates such a process. Methyl ester is prepared by puttingcaffeic acid (compound (I) in Scheme 1) in a glass flask, followed bythe addition of TsOH, 2,2-dimethoxypropane and the methanol. Theresultant solution is heated to reflux to produce methyl ester ofcaffeic acid. Other esters (other than methyl esters) may be prepared byrefluxing the mixture of compound 1 and TsOH in a desired alcohol as asolvent. After the reaction, the solvent is removed and the residuepoured into water. The ester is extracted with ethyl acetate. Theextract is neutralized and purified with a column chromatography toafford ester derivative (A). Various examples of esters (A) thusprepared are shown in Table 1.

The ester derivative (A) is dissolved in methanol and hydrogenated inthe presence Pd—C as a catalyst to afford a saturated ester. Afterhydrogenation, the catalyst was removed by filtration and washed withmethanol to produce the corresponding saturated ester derivative (B).Various ester (B) thus prepared are shown in Table 2.

Referring to Scheme 2, under nitrogen atmosphere, a suspension of3,4-Methylenedioxycinnmamic acid (30) in dry CH₂Cl₂ is treated withthionyl chloride and heated to reflux. After removal of the solvent invacuum, an acyl chloride residue is obtained. A solution containing anamine (RNH₂) and triethylamine is added to the acyl chloride residue andstirred. After removal of the solvent, the resultant residue isextracted with ethyl acetate. The organic extracts are combined,filtered, and evaporated. The residue is purified by columnchromatography to afford derivative (C). Examples of derivative (C) thusprepared are shown in Table 3.

In a two-neck flask, a derivative (C) is dissolved in CH₂Cl₂, reactedwith BBr₃ at approximately −30° C., and then the reaction is terminatedwith the addition of ice water. The resultant solution is extracted withCH₂Cl₂. The organic extracts are combined, dried, filtered, andevaporated. The residue is purified with column chromatography toproduce derivative (D). Examples of derivative (D) are shown in Table 4.

Dissolve the type-D derivatives in the methanol, which saturates withhydrogen gases in the presence of Pd—C as a catalyst to give a reactant,followed by filtering the catalyst and washing with methanol to obtain acorresponding type-E derivative. Dissolve the type-E derivatives in atwo-neck bottle containing the pyridine, and react the resultantsolution with Ac₂O at the room temperature for overnight, and then thereaction is terminated with the addition of ice water. The resultantsolution is further extracted by CH₂Cl₂, wherein the organic phase iscollected to remove water, to be filtered, to be condensed and perform acolumn chromatography. Accordingly, type-H derivatives could beobtained, please referring to Table 5.

Put 10 g of the compound 30 into a reaction bottle, followed by addingTsOH and 2,2′-dimethyloxypropane dissolved in the methanol solutionthereinto. Reflux the resultant solution, and then remove the solventtherefrom, followed by being extracted by the ethyl acetate. Perform acolumn chromatography of the resultant extract to obtain a product.Dissolve the product in methanol, which saturates with hydrogen gases inthe presence of Pd—C as the catalyst. After the reaction, remove thecatalyst and wash the methanol to obtain the corresponding compound 56.

Please refer to Scheme 3. Put LiAlH₄ into a reaction bottle, and thenfurther add the compound 56 and tetrahydrofuran thereinto, followed bystirring at the room temperature. Reduce the pressure to remove thesolvent and then adjust the pH value. Extract the resultant solution bythe ethyl ester, wherein the organic phase is condensed to obtain theproduct 57. The product 57 is stirred in the treatment of NaH and THFfor half an hour, followed by adding RBr to react. Reduce the pressureto remove the solvent, followed by being extracted by the ether, whereinthe organic phase is collected to obtain type-F derivatives, pleasereferring to Table 7. Dissolve the type-F derivatives in CH₂Cl₂, andreact with BBr₃ at −30° C. followed by being extracted by CH₂Cl₂,collecting the organic phase to remove water, filtering, condensing andperforming a column chromatography. Accordingly, type-G derivativescould be obtained, please referring to Table 8.

Please refer to Scheme 4. Dissolve the caffeic acid inN,N-dimethylformamide and triethylamine, and then react with BOP andCH₂Cl₂ to obtain the corresponding compound.

Example 1 Preparation of the Type-A Derivatives

Put a 10 g caffeic acid (1) in a reaction bottle, and add 1 g TsOH and 3ml 2,2-dimethoxypropane and 10 ml methanol thereinto, followed byrefluxing for 6 hours. After the refluxation, remove the solvent andpour the resultant solution into 100 ml water, followed by beingextracted by the ethyl acetate for three times, neutralizing with 3%NaHCO₃, and finally performing a column chromatography. Therefore, theproduct, methyl caffeate (the compound 2) is obtained with 98% yield.

Correspondingly, select the desired alcohol as the replacing group tosubstitute methanol, so as to synthesize the respective compounds 3-15of the type-A derivatives.

TABLE 1 Type-A derivatives Com- Com- Com- pound R pound R pound R 2 CH₃3 C₂H₅ 4 C₃H₇ 5 C₄H₉ 6 C₅H₁₁ 7 C₆H₁₃ 8 C₇H₁₅ 9 C₈H₁₇ 10 C₉H₁₉ 11 C₁₀H₂₁12 C₁₁H₂₃ 13 —CH₂Ph 14 —(CH₂)₂Ph 15 —(CH₂)₃Ph

Example 2 Preparation of Type-B Derivatives

Dissolve 200 g methyl cafffeate (2) in 10 ml methanol, which saturateswith hydrogen gases in the presence of 20 mg Pd—C, and react for sixhours, followed by filtering the catalyst and washing with methanol toobtain the corresponding compound 16 as shown in Table 2.

Correspondingly, select the respective compounds 3-15 to substitute theoriginal methyl caffeate (2) to react, so as to synthesize therespective compounds 17-29 of the type-B derivatives as shown in Table 2could be obtained.

TABLE 2 Type-B derivatives Com- Com- Com- pound R pound R pound R 16 CH₃17 C₂H₅ 18 C₃H₇ 19 C₄H₉ 20 C₅H₁₁ 21 C₆H₁₃ 22 C₇H₁₅ 23 C₈H₁₇ 24 C₉H₁₉ 25C₁₀H₂₁ 26 C₁₁H₂₃ 27 —CH₂Ph 28 —(CH₂)₂Ph 29 —(CH₂)₃Ph

Example 3 Preparation of Type-C Derivatives

In the presence of nitrogen gases, dissolve a suspension of 10 g3,4-Methylenedioxycinnmamic acid (30) in 10 ml CH₂Cl₂, and then add 2mol thionyl chloride thereinto, followed by refluxing for three hours toremove CH₂Cl₂ and thionyl chloride therefrom. Add a 10 ml triethylaminesolution containing 3 nmol C₄H₉NH₂ under the iced bath and stir thesolution for overnight. Remove the triethylamine solution and extractthe resulting solution with the 50 ml ethyl ester, wherein the organicphase is collected to remove water by MgSO₄, to be filtered, to becondensed and perform a column chromatography. Therefore, the type-Cderivatives as shown in Table 3 could be obtained.

Correspondingly, select the desired amine compound to substitute theC₄H₉NH₂, so as to synthesize the respective compounds 32-38 of thetype-C derivatives with 78˜85% yields.

TABLE 3 Type-C derivatives Com- Com- Com- pound R pound R pound R 31C₄H₉ 32 C₅H₁₁ 33 C₆H₁₃ 34 C₇H₁₅ 35 C₈H₁₇ 36 —CH₂Ph 37 —(CH₂)₂Ph 38—(CH₂)₃Ph

Example 4 Preparation of Type-D Derivatives (I)

In the presence of nitrogen gases, dissolve a 1.0 g N-butyl3,4-methylenedioxycinnamamide of the type-C derivative into a two-neckbottle containing 10 ml CH₂Cl₂ Add 1.2 mol BBr₃ into the bottle at −30□to react for four hours. After the reaction is finished, further add 50ml, 3% NaHCO₃ thereinto. Extract the resulting solution by CH₂Cl₂ threetimes, and concentrate the organic phase. Remove water from the aboveorganic phase by MgSO₄, followed by performing a filtration, acondensation, and a column chromatography. Therefore, the compound 39 asshown in Table 4 could be obtained.

Correspondingly, select the respective compound 32˜38 to substitute theoriginal compound 31, so as to synthesize the respective compounds 40-46of the type-D derivatives with 78˜85% yields.

TABLE 4 Type-D derivatives Com- Com- pound R pound R 39 C₄H₉ 40 C₅H₁₁ 41C₆H₁₃ 42 C₇H₁₅ 43 C₈H₁₇ 44 CH₂Ph 45(370G) —(CH₂)₂Ph 46 —(CH₂)₃Ph 638A—(CH₂)₂Ph(OCH₃)₂ 638B —(CH₂)₂Ph p-Br 638C —(CH₂)₂Ph p-OH 638D—CH₂Ph-p-OCH₃ 638E —CH₂Ph 638F —Ph-p-OCH₃ 638G —Ph-p-Br 638H Ph p-OH638I  —CH₂Ph-m-F

Example 5 Preparation of Type-D Derivatives (II)

Dissolve a 100 mg caffeic acid in 1 ml N,N-dimethylformamide and 1 mol,0.08 ml triethylamine in a two-neck bottle, and then add into 1.2 mol, 5ml CH₂Cl₂ containing the desired amine compound (RNH₂) and 1.2 mol BOPto react for 30 minutes at 0° C., followed by reacting for 2 hours atthe room temperature. After the reaction is finished, remove CH₂Cl₂. Theresulting solution is then added into 50 ml water, which is extracted bythe ethyl ester. Collect the organic phase, and wash the organic phasewith 1 mol HCL, 1 mol NaHCO₃ and water, wherein the organic phase isfurther recollected, followed by removing water therefrom by MgSO₄,performing a filtration, a condensation, and a column chromatography.Therefore, the type-D derivatives as shown in Table 5 could be obtainedwith 65˜85% yield (such as 638A-I). If selecting a ferrulic acid and2-phenylethanamide to substitute the mentioned compounds, the compound640 could be obtained.

Example 6 Preparation of Type-E Derivatives

Dissolve 200 mg N-alkyl caffeamide in 10 ml methanol, which saturateswith hydrogen gases in the presence of 20 mg Pd—C, and react for sixhours, followed by filtering the catalyst and washing with methanol toobtain a corresponding compound of the type-E derivatives (the productis 47-54) as shown in Table 5.

TABLE 5 Type-E derivatives Com- Com- Com- pound R pound R pound R 47C₄H₉ 48 C₅H₁₁ 49 C₆H₁₃ 50 C₇H₁₅ 51 C₈H₁₇ 52 —CH₂Ph 53 —(CH₂)₂Ph 54—(CH₂)₃Ph

Example 7 Preparation of the respective compound 56 and 57

Put a 10 g the compound 30 in a reaction bottle, and add 1 g TsOH, 3 ml2,2-dimethoxypropane and 100 ml methanol thereinto, followed byrefluxing for 6 hours. Remove the solvent, and pour the resultingsolution into 100 ml water. Then, extract the resultant solution by theethyl acetate for three times and washed with 3% NaHCO₃, followed byperforming a column chromatography to obtain the compound A. Dissolve 5g of the compound A in 20 ml methanol, which saturates with hydrogengases in the presence of 20 mg Pd—C, and react for six hours, followedby filtering the catalyst and washing with methanol to obtain thecorresponding compound 56.

Put LiAlH₄ in a reaction bottle, and then add the compound 56 (4 g) and10 ml tetrahydrofuran thereinto, followed by stirring at the roomtemperature for the reaction. Add an ether to terminate the reaction.Reduce the pressure to remove the solvent from the resultant solution,and then add 100 ml, 3N H₂SO₄ thereinto. Extract the resulting solutionby the ethyl ester three times, wherein the organic phase is condensedto obtain the product 57.

Example 8 Preparation of the Compound 58

At the room temperature, react the compound 57 with 300 g NaH and 10 mlTHF by stirring for an hour. Add 3 mol CH₃I into the resultant solutionto react, followed by reducing the pressure to remove the solvent,pouring into water and successively being extracted by ether. Theresultant organic phase is collected to obtain the compound 58.

Example 9 Preparation of Type-F Derivatives

According to the preparation of the example 8, the compound 57 serves asa starting material to react respectively with C₂H₅Br, C₃H₇Br, andC₄H₉Br containing an alkyl bromide to substitute CH₃I, so as tosynthesize the respective compounds 59-61 of the type-F derivatives asshown in Table 7.

Type-F derivatives Com- Com- Com- Com- pound R pound R pound R pound R58 CH₃ 59 C₂H₅ 60 C₃H₇ 61 C₄H₉

Example 10 Preparation of Type-G Derivatives

According to the preparation of example 4, substitute the type-Fderivatives to the type-C derivatives, so as to synthesize the type-Gderivatives with 70-75% yield as shown in Table 8.

TABLE 8 Type-G derivatives Com- Com- Com- pound R pound R pound R 62 CH₃63 C₂H₅ 64 C₃H₇ 65 C₄H₉

Example 11 Preparation of Type-H Derivatives

In the presence of nitrogen gases, put 50 mg, 0.19 mmol of the compound370G (45) in a two-neck bottle and dissolve in a 10 ml Pyridine,followed by adding Ac₂O therein to react for overnight, and adding theiced water thereinto. Extract the resulting solution by the ethyl ester,and collect the organic phase, remove water therefrom by MgSO₄,performing a filtration, and a condensation. Therefore, 50 mg, 0.17 mmolof the pure compound 639B and the mixed compound 639C could be obtainedwith 88% yields as shown in Table 6.

Type-H derivatives Com- pound R R₁ R₂ 639A —(CH₂)₂Ph CH₃ CH₃ 639B—(CH₂)₂Ph Ac Ac 639C —(CH₂)₂Ph Ac{grave over ( )}H 640   —(CH₂)₂Ph CH₃ H

Example 12 Preparation of Type-H Derivatives

Dissolve a mixture of 370 G (45) and CH₃I in acetone and add K₂CO₃ toreflux, so as to purify the compound 639A.

Example 13 Preparation of Type-I Derivatives

According to the preparation of the example 5, react the caffeic acidwith the respective N-methyl-2-phenylethanamine, theN-methyl-2-phenylmethamine, the pyrrolidine, the piperidine and theN-methyl-1,4-diazacyclohexane to obtain the respective compound 642A,642B, 642C and 642D as shown in Table 9.

TABLE 9 Type-I derivatives Com- pound R₁ R₂ R₁ + R₂ 642A CH₃ CH₂Ph 642C—(CH₂)₄— 642B CH₃ CH₂CH₂Ph 642D —(CH₂)₅—

The physical properties of the respective example compounds of thepresent invention are shown as follows.

Compound 2: methyl caffeate

Mp: 160-162° C.

IR ν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3485, 3306, 1673, 1631, 1598, 1528, 1275, 1179, 975,848

MS m/z (%): 194 (M⁺, 100), 163 (63), 145 (11), 134 (18)

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ3.78 (3H, s), 5.80, 5.91 (each 1H, br s, —OH), 6.24,7.56 (each 1H, d, J=15.9 Hz), 6.85 (1H, d, J=8.2 Hz), 6.98 (1H, dd,J=8.2, 2.0 Hz), 7.06 (1H, d, J=2.0 Hz).

Compound 3

Mp: 118-120° C.

IR ν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3500, 3400, 1652, 1630, 1597, 1279, 1187, 973, 850,811

MS m/z (%): 208 (M⁺, 100), 180 (20), 163 (62), 145 (20), 136 (33)

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.26 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 4.17 (2H, q, J=7.1 Hz), 6.25,7.53 (each 1H, d, J=15.9 Hz), 6.85 d, J=7.2 Hz), 7.02 (1H, dd, J=7.2,2.1 Hz), 7.14 (1H, d, J=2.1 Hz), 8.30 (2H, br s, —OH).

Compound 4

Mp: 124-126° C.

IR ν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3480, 3345, 1684, 1628, 1600, 1528, 1275, 1186, 975,851, 811

MS m/z (%): 222 (M⁺, 100), 180 (57), 163 (78), 145 (13), 138 (22), 136(21)

¹H-NMR (CD₃COCD₃): δ 0.84 (3H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 1.66 (2H, sext, J=7.2 Hz),4.08 (2H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 6.28, 7.53 (each 1H, d, J=15.9 Hz), 6.86 (1H, d,J=7.1 Hz), 7.03 (1H, dd, J=7.1, 2.0 Hz), 7.15 (1H, d, J=2.0 Hz), 8.28(2H, br s, —OH).

Compound 5

Mp: 106-108° C.

IR ν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3479, 3337, 1678, 1632, 1599, 1529, 1276, 1183, 1105,973, 783, 718

MS m/z (%): 236 (M⁺, 83), 180 (100), 163 (73), 145 (12), 136 (25), 134(23)

¹H-NMR (CD₃COCD₃): δ 0.93 (3H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 1.40 (2H, sext, J=7.2 Hz),1.63 (2H, quin, J=7.2 Hz), 4.13 (2H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 6.26, 7.52 (each 1H,d, J=15.9 Hz), 6.85 (1H, d, J=7.7 Hz), 7.03 (1H, dd, J=7.7, 2.1 Hz),7.14 (1H, d, J=2.1 Hz).

Compound 6

Mp: 140-142° C.

IR ν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3486, 3332, 1678, 1632, 1598, 1529. 1276,1181, 974,851, 783

MS m/z (%): 250 (M⁺, 69), 180 (100), 163 (62), 145 (11), 136 (16), 134(18)

¹H-NMR (CD₃COCD₃): δ 0.88 (3H, t, J=6.7 Hz), 1.36 (4H, m), 1.64 (2H,quin, J=7.2 Hz), 4.12 (2H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 6.27, 7.52 (each 1H, d, J=15.9Hz), 6.85 (1H, d, J=8.2 Hz), 7.04 (1H, dd, J=8.2, 2.2 Hz), 7.15 (1H, d,J=2.2 Hz), 8.30 (2H, br s, —OH).

Compound 7

Mp: 115-117° C.

IRν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3483, 3333, 1679, 1632, 1598, 1529, 1275, 1182. 1104,973, 812

MS m/z (%): 264 (M⁺, 43), 180 (100), 163 (57), 145 (13), 136 (20), 134(19)

¹H-NMR (CD₃COCD₃): δ 0.88 (3H, t, J=6.7 Hz), 1.36 (6H, m), 1.64 (2H,quin, J=6.7 Hz), 4.13 (2H, t, J=6.7 Hz), 6.26, 7.52 (each 1H, d, J=15.9Hz), 6.85 (1H, d, J=8.2 Hz), 7.03 (1H, dd, J=8.2, 2.0 Hz), 7.14 (1H, d,J=2.0 Hz), 8.15 (2H, br s, —OH).

Compound 8

Mp: 105-106° C.

IRν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3486, 3337, 1677, 1630, 1598, 1529, 1276, 1181, 1057,974

MS m/z (%): 278 (M⁺, 25), 180 (100), 163 (49), 145 (8), 136 (22), 134(19), 89 (22)

¹H-NMR (CD₃COCD₃): δ 0.88 (3H, t, J=6.7 Hz), 1.36 (8H, m), 1.66 (2H,quin, J=6.7 Hz), 4.13 (2H, t, J=6.7 Hz), 6.27, 7.52 (each 1H, d, J=15.9Hz), 6.85 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 7.02 (1H, dd, J=8.1, 2.0 Hz), 7.15 (1H, d,J=2.0.Hz), 8.23 (2H, br s, —OH).

Compound 9

Mp: 98-100° C.

IRν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3488, 3340, 1675, 1630, 1274, 1181, 972, 812

MS m/z (%): 292 (M⁺, 27), 180 (100), 163 (47), 145 (8), 136 (18), 134(12), 89 (13)

¹H-NMR (CD₃COCD₃): δ 0.85 (3H, t, J=6.7 Hz), 1.26 (1014, m), 1.67 (2H,quin J=6.7 Hz), 4.16 (2H, t, J=6.7 Hz), 6.23, 7.54 (each 1H, d, J=15.9Hz), 6.84 (1H, d, J=8.2 Hz), 6.96 (1H, dd, J=8.2, 2.0 Hz), 7.06 (1H, d,J=2.0 Hz), 8.26 (2H, br s, —OH).

Compound 10

Mp: 87-88° C.

IRν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3476, 3322, 1677, 1629, 1597, 1527, 1274, 1180, 972,859, 812

MS m/z (%): 306 (M⁺, 65), 180 (100), 163 (38), 145 (7), 136 (13), 134(10), 89 (8)

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 0.86 (3H, t, J=6.7 Hz), 1.27 (12H, m), 1.66 (214, quinJ=6.7 Hz), 4.13 (2H, t, J=6.7 Hz), 6.27, 7.52 (each 1H, d, J=16.0 Hz),6.85 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 7.03 (1H, dd, J=8.1, 2.0 Hz), 7.14 (1H, d, J=2.0Hz).

Compound 11

Mp: 108-109° C.

IR ν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3484, 3326, 1678, 1629, 1597, 1527, 1275, 1181, 972,859, 812

MS m/z (%): 320 (M⁺, 48), 180 (100), 163 (62), 145 (9), 136 (28). 134(15), 89 (22)

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 0.85 (3H, t, J=6.7 Hz), 1.24 (14H, m), 1.66 (211,quin, J=6.7 Hz), 4.16 (2H, t, J=6.7 Hz), 5.89, 6.01 (each 1H, br s,—OH), 6.24, 7.55 (each 1H, d, J=16.0 Hz), 6.85 (1.H, d, J=8.2 Hz), 6.98(1H, dd, J=8.2, 2.0 Hz), 7.03 (1H, d, J=2.0 Hz).

Compound 12

Mp: 100-101° C.

IRν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3482, 3326, 1676, 1630, 1596, 1527, 1274, 1180, 972,849, 810

MS m/z (%): 334 (M⁺, 82), 180 (100). 163 (40), 145 (5), 136 (15). 134(12)

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 0.85 (3H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 1.24 (16H, m), 167 (2H, quin,J=6.6 Hz), 4.17 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 6.24, 7.56 (each 1H, d, J=15.9 Hz),6.85 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz). 6.98 (1H, dd, J=8.1, 2.0 Hz), 7.08 (1H, d, J=2.0Hz).

Compound 13; benzyl dihydrocaffeate

Mp: 150-151° C.

IRν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3461, 3325, 3031. 1627, 1594, 1527, 1274, 1174, 974,907, 845

MS m/z (%): 270 (M⁺, 50), 224 (22), 179 (8), 163 (32), 136 (28), 91(100), 99 (45)

¹H-NMR (CD₃COCD₃): δ 5.20 (2H, s), 6.33, 7.59 (each 1H, d, J=15.9 Hz),6.86 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 7.05 (1H, dd, J=8.1, 1.7 Hz), 7.17 (1H, d, J=1.7Hz), 7.21-7.46 (5H, m).

Compound 14

Mp: 125-126° C.

IRν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3474, 3326, 1672, 1628, 1593, 1527, 1179, 974, 846,808

MS m/z (%): 284 (M⁺, 24), 180 (100), 163 (45), 135 (17), 104 (32), 91(22), 89 (25)

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 2.99, 4.39 (each 2H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 6.20, 7.54 (each1H, d, J=15.8 Hz), 6.85 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 6.95 (1H, d, J=8.0, 2.0 Hz),7.06 (1H, d, J=2.0 Hz), 7.13-7.35 (5H, m).

Compound 15

Mp: 102-103° C.

IRν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3482, 3327, 1671, 1629, 1597, 1179, 973. 809, 696

MS m/z (%): 298 (M⁺, 18), 180 (100), 163 (19), 135 (8), 118 (30), 117(30), 91 (24)

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 2.01 (2H, quin, J=6.8 Hz), 2.72, 4.20 (each 2H, t,J=6.8 Hz), 6.25, 7.55 (each 1H, d, J=15.9 Hz), 6.85 (1H, d, J=8.2 Hz),6.98 (1H, d, J=8.2, 1.8 Hz), 7.08 (1H, d, J=1.8 Hz), 7.10-7.30 (5H, s).

Compound 16

Mp: amorphous

IRν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3382, 1706, 1601, 1515, 1.279, 1111, 815

MS m/z (%): 195 (M⁺−1, 45), 136 (54), 123 (100), 107 (10), 91 (18), 77(22)

¹H-NMR (CD₃COCD₃): δ 2.51, 2.74 (each 2H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 3.58 (3H, s),6.53 (1H, dd, J=7.8, 2.1 Hz), 6.69 (1H, d, J=2.1 Hz), 6.71 (1H, d, J=7.8hz).

Compound 17

Mp: amorphous

IRν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3373, 1705, 1601, 1515, 1281, 1193, 1110, 954, 962,811

MS m/z (%): 210 (M⁺, 77), 196 (8), 181 (9), 165 (23), 136 (60), 123(100), 91 (18)

¹H-NMR (CD₃COCD₃): δ 1.17 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 2.50, 2.74 (each. 2H, t,J=7.8 Hz), 4.05 (2H, q, J=7.1 Hz), 6.53 (1H, dd, J=7.9, 1.8 Hz), 6.70(1H, d, J=1.8 Hz), 6.71 (1H, d, J=7.1 Hz), 7.69 (2H, br s, —OH).

Compound 18

Mp: amorphous

IRν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3382, 1704, 1601, 1515, 1256, 1110, 1032, 952, 865,812

MS m/z (%): 224 (M⁺, 40), 195 (12), 181 (20), 164 (21), 152 (14), 139(42), 136 (82), 123 (100), 110 (16), 91 (31), 77 (25)

¹H-NMR (CD₃COCD₃): δ 0.87 (3H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 1.58 (2H, sext, J=6.8 Hz),2.51, 2.74 (each 2H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 3.96 (2H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 6.53 (1H, dd,J=8.2, 1.9 Hz), 6.70 (1H, d, J=1.9 Hz), 6.71 (1H, d, J=8.2 Hz), 7.70(2H, br s, —OH).

Compound 19

Mp: amorphous

IRν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3382, 1701, 1601, 1515, 1441, 1279, 1192, 1110, 1023,865, 811

MS m/z (%): 238 (M⁺, 82), 180 (18), 164 (25), 139 (29), 136 (61), 123(100), 91 (13)

¹H-NMR (CD₃COCD₃): δ 0.88 (3H, t, J=6.7 Hz), 1.31 (2H, sext, J=6.7 Hz),1.55 (2H, quin, J=6.7 Hz), 2.51, 2.74 (each 2H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 4.01 (2H,t, J=6.7 Hz), 6.53 (1H, dd, J=8.1, 1.8 Hz), 6.69 (1H, dd, J=1.8 Hz),6.70 (1H, dd, J=8.1 Hz), 7.65 (2H, br s, —OH).

Compound 20

Mp: 68-70° C.

IRν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3390, 1702, 1602, 1515, 1439, 1357, 1281, 1110, 811

MS m/z (%): 252 (M⁺, 52), 195 (2), 181 (28), 164 (10), 139 (40), 136(78), 123 (100), 91 (21)

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 0.87 (3H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 1.28 (4H, m), 1.57 (2H, quin,J=6.8 Hz), 2.51, 2.74 (each 2H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 4.01 (2H, t, J=6.8 Hz),6.53 (1H, dd, J=8.0, 2.2 Hz), 6.70 (1H, d, J=2.2 Hz), 6.71 (1H, dd,J=8.0 Hz), 7.66 (2H, br s, —OH).

Compound 21

Mp: 64-66° C.

IRν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3386, 1702, 1602, 1515, 1439, 1357, 1281, 1110, 811

MS m/z (%): 266 (M⁺, 42), 195 (3), 181 (36), 164 (8), 139 (42), 136(75), 123 (100), 91(17), 42 (42)

¹H-NMR (CD₃COCD₃): δ 0.87 (3H, t, J=6.7 Hz), 1.28 (6H, m), 1.57 (2H,quin, J=6.7 Hz), 2.51, 2.74 (each 2H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 4.01 (2H, t, J=6.7Hz), 6.53 (1H, dd, J=8.1, 1.6 Hz), 6.69 (1H, d, J=1.6 Hz), 6.70 (1H, dd,J=8.1 Hz), 7.60 (2H, br s, —OH).

Compound 22

Mp: 60-62° C.

IRν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3388, 1704, 1598, 1511, 1279, 1110, 810

MS m/z (%): 280 (M⁺, 27), 182 (37), 139 (32), 136 (55), 123 (100), 91(13), 77 (11), 57 (41), 55 (31)

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 0.85 (3H, t, J=6.7 Hz), 1.24 (8H, br s), 1.55 (2H,quin, J=6.7 Hz), 2.55, 2.79 (each 2H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 4.03 (2H, t, J=6.7Hz), 6.12, 6.30 (each 1H, br s, —OH), 6.57 (1H, dd, J=8.2, 1.5 Hz), 6.67(1H, d, J=1.5 Hz), 6.73 (1H, d, J=8.2 Hz).

Compound 23

Mp: 52-54° C.

IRν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3395, 1701, 1600, 1512, 1279, 1190, 1026, 864, 811,784

MS m/z (%): 294 (M⁺, 31), 182 (43), 136 (53), 123 (100), 91 (11), 55(22)

1H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 0.85 (3H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 1.24 (10H, br s), 1.55 (2H,quin, J=6.8 Hz), 2.55, 2.80 (each 2H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 4.03 (2H, t, J=6.8Hz), 6.57 (1H, dd, J=8.0, 1.9 Hz), 6.68 (1H, d, J=1.9 Hz), 6.73 (1H, d,J=8.0 Hz).

Compound 24

Mp: 43-45° C.

IRν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3400, 1703, 1601, 1515, 1279, 1192, 1110, 1051, 865,812, 722

MS m/z (%): 308 (M⁺, 47), 181 (50), 164 (7), 139 (36), 138 (82), 125(100), 91 (20), 57 (19), 55 (30), 43 (47)

¹H-NMR (CD₃COCD₃): δ 0.86 (3H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 1.28 (12H, br s), 1.55 (2H,quin, J=6.8 Hz), 2.51, 2.74 (each 2H, t, J=7.4 Hz). 4.01 (2H, t, J=6.8Hz), 6.53 (1H, dd, J=8.0, 2.0 Hz), 6.69 (1H, d, J=2.0 Hz), 6.71 (1H, d,J=8.0 Hz).

Compound 25

Mp: 53-55° C.

IRν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3410, 1702, 1600, 1512, 1280, 1191, 1110, 1039, 865,810, 721

MS m/z (%): 322 (M⁺, 52), 182 (90), 139 (43), 137 (37), 136 (100), 123(95), 91 (15), 60 (32), 55 (38)

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 0.85 (3H, t, J=6.7 Hz), 1.24 (14H, br s), 1.55 (2H,quin, J=6.7 Hz), 2.50, 2.73 (each 2H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 4.03 (2H, t, J=6.7Hz), 6.56 (1H, dd, J=8.1, 2.0 Hz), 6.68 (1H, d, J=1.9 Hz), 6.73 (1H, d,J=8.1 Hz).

Compound 26

Mp: 54-56° C.

IRν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3390, 1721, 1598, 1507, 1274, 1189, 1048, 870, 811,722

MS m/z (%): 336 (M⁺, 72), 182 (73), 139 (38), 136 (90), 123 (100), 91(10), 57 (29), 55 (28)

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 0.85 (3H, t, J=6.7 Hz), 1.23 (16H, br s), 1.57 (2H,quin, J=6.7 Hz), 2.55, 2.80 (each 2H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 4.03 (2H, t, J=6.7Hz), 6.64 (1H, dd, J=8.0, 1.8 Hz), 6.68 (1H, d, J=1.8 Hz), 6.73 (1H, d,J=8.0 Hz).

Compound 27

Mp: amorphous

IRν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3387, 1702, 1599, 1512, 1278, 1109, 1025, 813, 748,697

MS m/z (%): 272 (M⁺, 31), 181 (63), 139 (100), 123 (40), 91 (72), 90(78), 77 (32), 65 (34), 55 (15), 51 (23)

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 2.61, 2.81 (each 2H, J=7.1 Hz), 5.08 (2H, s), 6.56(1H, dd, J=8.0, 1.9 Hz), 6.64 (1H, d, J=1.9 Hz), 6.72 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz),7.24-7.38 (5H, m).

Compound 28

Mp: amorphous

IRν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3403, 1702, 1598, 1511, 1278, 1110, 1050, 813, 748,699

MS m/z (%): 286 (M⁺, 22), 182 (34), 136 (30), 123 (83), 105 (100), 104(27), 91 (36), 90 (37), 77 (41), 65 (31), 51 (22)

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 2.54, 2.77 (each 2H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 2.88, 4.25 (each2H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 6.54 (1H, dd, J=8.2, 1.9 Hz), 6.61 (1H, d, J=1.9 Hz),6.72 (1H, d, J=8.2 Hz), 7.15-7.38 (5H, m).

Compound 29

Mp: amorphous

IRν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3404, 1701, 1598, 1512, 1279, 1190, 1109, 1027, 912,865, 811, 746

MS m/z (%): 300 (M⁺, 92), 182 (100), 165 (11), 139 (28), 136 (48), 123(93), 118 (53), 91 (80), 77 (25), 65 (22), 55 (15)

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.91 (2H, quin, J=6.7 Hz), 2.58, 2.81 (each 2H, t,J=6.7 Hz), 2.62, 4.07 (each 2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 6.65 (1H, dd, J=8.0. 1.9Hz), 6.70 (1H, d, J=1.9 Hz), 6.74 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.08-7.31 (5H, m).

Compound 31

Mp: 82-83° C.

IRν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3279, 3080, 1648, 1607, 1541, 1353, 1246, 1099, 1037,977, 930, 807

MS m/z (%): 247 (M⁺, 82), 190 (53), 175 (100), 145 (61), 135 (41), 117(30), 89 (50), 63 (16)

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 0.89 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 1.32 (2H, sext, J=7.1 Hz),1.50, (2H, quin, J=7.1 Hz), 3.34 (2H, q, J=7.1 Hz), 5.90 (1H, br s,—NH), 5.94 (2H, s,), 6.22, 7.48 (each 1H, d, J=15.5 Hz), 6.73 (1H, d,J=8.0 Hz), 6.91 (1H, dd, J=8.0, 1.6 Hz), 6.94 (1H, d, J=1.6 Hz).

Compound 32

Mp: 95-96° C.

IRν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3276, 3070, 1650, 1604, 1543, 1494, 1352, 1325, 1246,1110, 1037, 928, 850, 808

MS m/z (%): 261 (M⁺, 81), 261 (81), 190 (46), 175 (100), 145 (50), 135(38), 117 (27), 89 (48), 63 (13)

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 0.74 (3H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 1.17 (4H, m), 1.49 (2H, quin,J=6.8 Hz), 3.24 (2H, q, J=6.8 Hz), 5.80 (2H, s), 6.38, 7.39 (each 1H, d,J=15.5 Hz), 6.57 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 6.79 (1H, dd, J=8.0, 1.4 Hz), 6.85(1H, d, J=1.4 Hz), 7.23 (1H, t, J=6.8 Hz, —NH).

Compound 33

Mp: 75-76° C.

IRν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3281, 3072, 1648, 1605, 1542, 1325, 1246, 1100, 1037,976, 928

MS m/z (%): 275 (M⁺, 52), 190 (43), 175 (100), 145 (46), 135 (29), 117(25), 100 (8), 89 (47), 63 (13)

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 0.76 (3H, t, J=6.7 Hz), 1.23 (6H, m), 1.49 (2H, quin,J=6.7 Hz), 3.28 (2H, q, J=6.7 Hz), 5.84 (2H, s), 6.36, 7.43 (each 1H, d,J=15.5 Hz), 6.61 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 6.82 (1H, dd, J=8.0, 1.6 Hz), 6.86(1H, d, J=1.6 Hz), 7.03 (1H, t, J=6.7 Hz, —NH).

Compound 34

Mp: 108-109° C.

IRν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3288, 3069, 1641, 1604, 1530, 1254, 1100, 1041, 966,929, 854, 815, 724

MS m/z (%): 289 (M⁺, 28), 190 (37), 175 (100), 145 (40), 135 (23), 117(22), 89 (41), 63 (13), 55 (11)

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 0.84 (3H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 1.25 (8H, m), 1.51 (2H, quin,J=6.6 Hz), 3.32 (2H, q, J=6.6 Hz), 5.79 (1H, br s, —NH), 5.95 (2H, s),6.21, 7.50 (each 1H, d, J=15.5 Hz), 6.75 (1H, d, J=7.9 Hz), 6.94 (1H,dd, J=7.9, 1.6 Hz), 6.96 (1H, d, J=1.6 Hz).

Compound 35

Mp: 69-70° C.

IRν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3294, 3072, 1642, 1604, 1541, 1352, 1325, 1244, 1098,1138, 975, 931, 850, 807

MS m/z (%): 303 (M⁺, 28), 190 (35), 175 (100), 145 (40), 135 (23), 117(22), 89 (34), 63 (13), 55 (9)

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 0.80 (3H, t, J=6.4 Hz), 1.25 (10H, m), 1.52 (2H, quin,J=6.4 Hz), 3.30 (2H, q, J=6.4 Hz), 5.88 (2H, s), 6.33, 7.44 (each 1H, d,J=15.6 Hz), 6.65 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 6.85 (1H, dd, J=8.0, 1.6 Hz), 6.88(1H, d, J=1.6 Hz).

Compound 36

Mp: 124-125° C.

IRν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3408, 3070, 1648, 1604, 1350, 1245, 1035, 698

MS m/z (%): 281 (M⁺, 50), 190 (47), 175 (100), 145 (45), 135 (23), 91(97)

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 4.51 (2H, d, J=5.7 Hz), 5.94 (2H, s), 6.24, 7.53 (each1H, d, J=15.5 Hz), 6.74 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 6.92 (1H, dd, J=8.0, 19 Hz),6.94 (1H, d, J=1.9 Hz), 7.16-7.37 (5H, m).

Compound 37

Mp: 123-125° C.

IRν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3288, 3071, 1650, 1610, 1604, 1575, 1548, 1500, 1358,1250, 1039, 970, 930, 813

MS m/z (%): 295 (M⁺, 35), 190 (42), 175 (100), 174 (28), 145 (27), 117(11), 89 (18), 68 (8)

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 2.84 (2H, d, J=7.2 Hz), 3.58 (2H, q, J=7.2 Hz), 5.85(2H, s), 6.32, 7.49 (each 1H, d, J=15.5 Hz), 6.66 (1H, d, J=7.9 Hz),6.86 (1H, dd, J=7.9, 1.5 Hz), 6.90 (1H, d, J=1.5 Hz), 7.17-7.38 (5H, m).

Compound 38

Mp: 126-127° C.

IRν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3295, 1641, 1613, 1543, 1494, 1352, 1320, 1246, 1036,966, 857, 813, 751

MS m/z (%): 309 (M⁺, 58), 240 (34), 190 (16), 145 (47), 135 (25), 117(26), 89 (33), 63 (10).

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.84 (2H, quin, J=7.4 Hz), 2.66 (2H, t, J=7.4 Hz),3.32 (2H, q, J=7.4 Hz), 6.02 (2H, s), 6.53, 7.44 (each 1H, d, J=15.6Hz), 6.84 (1H, d, J=7.9 Hz), 7.03 (1H, dd, J=7.9, 1.6 Hz), 7.09 (1H, d,J=1.6 Hz), 7.20-7.40 (5H, m).

Compound 39

Mp: 103-104° C.

IRν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3339, 1641, 1558, 1362, 1278, 1117, 976, 848, 809

MS m/z (%): 235 (M⁺, 60), 178 (41); 163 (100), 145 (20), 135 (22), 117(20), 89 (32), 55 (36)

¹H-NMR (CD₃COCD₃): δ 0.88 (3H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 1.33 (2H, sext, J=7.2 Hz),1.49 (2H, quin, J=7.2 Hz), 3.31 (2H, q, J=7.2 Hz), 6.46, 7.43 (each 1H,d, J=15.5 Hz), 6.82 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 6.91 (1H, dd, J=8.1, 1.9.Hz),7.09 (1H, d. J=1.9 Hz).

Compound 40

Mp: 124-125° C.

IR ν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3407, 1642, 1587, 1363, 1277, 1111, 974, 813

MS m/z (%): 249 (M⁺, 64), 178 (33), 163 (100), 162 (43), 145 (20), 135(33), 117 (20), 89 (29), 86 (20), 77 (13)

¹H-NMR (CD₃COCD₃): δ 0.84 (3H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 1.29 (4H, m), 1.53 (2H,quin, J=7.0 Hz), 3.31 (2H, q, J=7.0 Hz), 6.48, 7.45 (each 1H, d, J=15.6Hz), 6.83 (1H, d, J=8.2 Hz), 6.92 (1H, dd, J=8.2, 1.8 Hz), 7.10 (1H, d,J=1.8 Hz).

Compound 41

Mp: 106-108° C.

IR ν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3219, 1648, 1588, 1362, 1278, 1113, 976, 852, 811,726

MS m/z (%): 263 (M⁺, 32), 178 (45), 164 (75), 163 (100), 162 (43), 145(12), 135 (23), 117 (16), 100 (26), 89 (27), 84 (15), 77 (13)

¹H-NMR (CD₃COCD₃): δ 0.83 (3H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 1.26 (6H, m), 1.54 (2H,quin, J=6.8 Hz), 3.30 (2H, q, J=6.8 Hz), 6.57, 7.51 (each 1H, d, J=15.6Hz), 6.84 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 6.92 (1H, dd, J=8.1. 1.6 Hz), 7.12 (1H, d,J=1.6 Hz).

Compound 42

Mp: 126-127° C.

IR ν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3347, 1642, 1588, 1545, 1510, 1363, 1266, 1112, 975,809

MS m/z (%): 277 (M⁺, 42), 192 (10), 178 (32), 163 (100), 145 (12), 135(20), 114 (14), 98 (8)

¹H-NMR (CD₃COCD₃): δ 0.82 (3H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 1.20 (8H, m), 1.52 (2H,quin, J=6.6 Hz), 3.32 (2H, q, J=6.6 Hz), 6.51, 7.48 (each 1H, d, J=15.6Hz), 6.83 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 6.92 (1H, dd, J=8.1, 1.5 Hz), 7.11 (1H, d,J=1.5 Hz).

Compound 43

Mp: 111-112° C.

IR ν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3286, 1642, 1588, 1520, 1363, 1277, 1112, 975, 811

MS m/z (%): 291 (M⁺, 18), 220 (8), 193 (11), 178 (31), 163 (100), 145(8), 135 (13), 128 (22), 117 (11), 98 (8), 89 (19), 84 (12)

¹H-NMR (CD₃COCD₃): δ 0.84 (3H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 1.24 (10H, m), 1.52 (2H,quin, J=6.6 Hz), 3.30 (2H, q, J=6.6 Hz), 6.47, 7.42 (each 1H, d, J=15.6Hz), 6.82 (1H, d, J=8.2 Hz), 6.90 (1H, dd, J=8.2, 1.8 Hz), 7.09 (1H, d,J=1.8 Hz).

Compound 44

Mp: 165-167° C.

IR ν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3263, 1641, 1591, 1518, 1354, 1279, 1113, 1080, 1029,975, 850, 813, 738

MS m/z (%): 269 (M⁺, 18), 164 (27), 163 (1001), 136 (12), 106 (100), 91(28), 89 (15)

¹H-NMR (CD₃COCD₃3): δ 4.50 (2H, d, J=5.8 Hz), 6.56, 7.50 (each 1H, d,J=15.6 Hz), 6.83 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 6.91 (1H, dd, J=8.0 Hz, 1.6 Hz),7.11 (1H, d, J=1.6 Hz), 7.21-7.36 (5H, m).

Compound 45

Mp: 147-149° C.

IR ν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3288, 1642, 1591, 1523, 1361, 1279, 1036, 975, 849,812, 749, 700

MS m/z (%): 283 (M⁺, 17), 178 (22), 163 (100), 145 (9), 135 (7), 117(8), 91 (13)

¹H-NMR (CD₃COCD₃): δ 2.84 (2H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 3.53 (2H, q, J=6.8 Hz),6.43, 7.43 (each 1H, d, J=15.2 Hz), 6.83 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 6.92 (1H,dd, J=8.1, 1.8 Hz), 7.07 (1H, d, J=1.8 Hz), 7.15-7.30 (5H, m)

Compound 46

Mp: 125-127° C.

IR ν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3326, 1642, 1587, 1362, 1279, 1112, 976, 851, 813,748

MS m/z (%): 297 (M⁺, 46), 192 (38), 175 (30), 164 (100), 163 (84), 145(18), 135 (26), 117 (35), 91 (50), 84 (48), 69 (30)

¹H-NMR (CD₃COCD₃): δ 1.86 (2H, quin, J=7.4 Hz), 2.63 (2H, t, J=7.4 Hz),3.39 (2H, m), 6.59, 7.56 (each 1H, d, J=15.6 Hz), 6.89 (1H, d, J=8.1Hz), 6.94 (1H, dd, J=8.1, 1.6 Hz), 7.08-7.28 (5H, m).

Compound 47

Mp: 81-82° C.

IR ν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3291, 3045, 1640, 1530, 1361, 1279, 1111, 810, 783

MS m/z (%): 237 (M⁺, 79), 165(12), 136(79), 123(100), 115(27), 91(23),74 (82)

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 0.84 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 1.26 (2H, sex, J=7.1 Hz), 1.40(2H, quin, J=7.1 Hz), 2.42, 2.75 (each 2H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 3.15 (2H, q,J=7.1 Hz), 6.50 (1H, br d, J=7.9 Hz), 6.71 (2H, m), 7.42 (2H, br s.—NH).

Compound 48

Mp: 99-101° C.

IR ν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3319, 3054, 1630, 1535, 1361, 1279, 1147, 1111, 810

MS m/z (%): 251 (M⁺, 69), 165(12), 136(64), 123(100), 114(15), 88 (47)

¹H-NMR (CD₃COCD₃): δ 0.85 (311, t, J=6.8 Hz), 1.22 (4H, m), 1.42 (2H,quin, J=6.8 Hz), 2.36, 2.74 (each 2H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 3.14 (2H, q, J=6.8Hz), 6.50 (111, dd, J=8.2, 1.9 Hz), 6.68 (111, d, J=1.9 Hz), 6.69 (1H,d, J=8.2 Hz), 7.10 (1H, brs. —NH).

Compound 49

Mp: 83-85° C.

IR ν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3289, 3051, 1630, 1545, 1361, 1278, 1194, 1111, 810

MS m/z (%): 265 (M⁺, 78), 165(16), 136(63), 123(100), 102(47), 91 (18)

¹H-NMR (CD₃COCD₃): δ 0.84 (3H, t. J=7.0 Hz), 1.24 (6H, brs), 1.41 (2H,quin, J=7.0 Hz), 2.41, 2.75 (each 2H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 3.14 (214, q, J=7.0Hz), 6.51 (1H, dd, J=8.0, 2.0 Hz), 6.70 (114, d, J=8.0 Hz), 6.71 (1H, d,J=2.0 Hz), 7.40 (1H, brs, —NH).

Compound 50

Mp: 114-116° C.

IR ν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3307, 3044, 1644, 1530, 1279, 1192, 1110, 810

MS m/z (%): 279 (M⁺, 100), 165(15), 136(72), 123(100), 116(48), 91 (15)

¹H-NMR (CD₃COCD₃): δ 0.85 (3H, t, J=6.7 Hz), 1.25 (814, br s), 1.42 (2H,quin, J=6.4 Hz), 2.36, 2.74 (each 2H, t, J=7.5 Hz), 3.14 (2H, q, J=6.4Hz), 6.49 (114, dd, J=7.9, 1.9 Hz), 6.69 (1H, d, J=1.9 Hz), 6.69 (1H, d,J=7.9 Hz), 7.10 (111, br s, —NH), 7.80 (211, brs, —OH).

Compound 51

Mp: 80-82° C.

IR ν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3286, 3041, 1635, 1540, 1361, 1279, 1110, 809

MS m/z (%): 293 (M⁺, 100), 165(9), 136(40), 130(25), 123 (35)

¹H-NMR (CD₃COCD₃): δ 0.85 (314, t, J=6.9 Hz), 1.25 (10H, br s), 1.42(214, quin, J=6.9 Hz), 6.50 (1H, dd, J=8.1, 1.9 Hz), 6.69 (111, d, J=8.1Hz), 6.70 (111, d, J=1.9 Hz), 7.18 (1H, br s, —NH), 7.85, 7.97 (each 1H,br s, —OH).

Compound 52

Mp: 149-151° C.

IR ν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3307, 3050, 1633, 1517, 1279, 1111, 813, 699

MS m/z (%): 271 (M⁺, 83), 148(51), 136(23), 123 (31). 106(31), 91 (100)

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 2.50, 2.80 (each 2H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 4.37 (2H, d, J=6.0Hz), 6.53 (1H, dd, J=8.0, 1.9 Hz), 6.72 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 6.73 (1H, d,J=1.9 Hz), 7.22 (5H, m), 7.67 (111, br s, —NH), 7.80 (2H, br s, —OH).

Compound 53

Mp: 129-131° C.

IR ν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3287, 3042, 1633, 1523, 1355, 1195, 1111, 812

MS m/z (%): 285 (M+, 8), 165(21), 136 (27). 123(100), 91 (30)

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 2.41, 2.73 (each 2H, t, J=6.9 Hz), 2.76 (2H, t, J=6.9Hz), 3.40 (2H, q, J=6.9 Hz), 6.52 (111, dd, J=8.0. 1.8 Hz), 6.74 (1H, d,J=1.8 Hz), 6.74 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.20 (5H, m), 7.36 (1H, br s, —NH),8.03 (2H, br s, —OH).

Compound 54

Mp: 127-1291° C.

IR ν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3351, 3035, 1633, 1523, 1280, 1111, 750, 700

MS m/z (%): 299 (M⁺, 77), 195(40), 136(81), 123(100), 118(30), 91(73),77(24), 73 (42)

¹H-NMR (CD₃COCD₃): δ 1.78 (2H, quin, J=7.6 Hz), 2.41, 2.76 (each 2H, t,J=7.4 Hz), 2.57 (2H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 3.19 (2H, q, J=7.6 Hz), 6.52 (1H, dd,J=8.0, 1.9 Hz), 6.71 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 6.72 (1H, d, J=1.9 Hz), 7.20(5H, m), 7.28 (1H, br s, —NH), 7.90 (2H, br s, —OH).

Compound 55

Mp: 51-52° C.

IR ν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3030, 1703, 1620, 1595, 1490, 1303, 1264, 1104, 1006,863

MS m/z (%): 206 (M⁺, 100), 175(56), 145(21), 117 (9)

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 3.77 (3H, s), 5.98 (211, s), 6.24, 7.58 (each 1H, d,=15.9 Hz), 6.80 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 6.97 (1H, dd, J=8.0, 2.0 Hz), 7.00(1H, d, J=2.0 Hz).

Compound 56

Mp: liquid

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 2.54, 2.82 (each 2H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 3.62 (3H, s), 5.87(2H, s), 6.63 (1H, dd, J=7.9, 1.6 Hz), 6.65 (1H, d, J=1.6 Hz), 6.69 (1H,d, J=7.9 Hz).

Compound 57

Mp: liquid

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.79 (214, m), 2.57 (2H, t, J=7.7 Hz), 3.60 (each 2H,t, J=6.5 Hz), 4.35 (1H, br s, —OH), 5.86 (2H, s), 6.59 (1H, dd, J=7.9,1.5 Hz), 6.65 (1H, d, J=1.5 Hz), 6.69 (1H, d, J=7.9 Hz).

Compound 58

Mp: liquid

IR ν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3043, 1602, 1500, 1482, 1242, 1114, 1038, 929, 808

MS m/z (%): 194 (M⁺, 65), 162 (44). 136(92), 135(100), 104(27), 77 (37)

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.81 (211, m), 2.58 (2H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 3.31 (3H, s),3.50 (2H, t, J=6.4 Hz), 5.89 (2H, s), 6.61 (1H, dd, J=7.8, 1.4 Hz), 6.67(1H, d, J=1.5 Hz), 6.71 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz).

Compound 59

Mp: liquid

IR ν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3038, 1602, 1501, 1482, 1242, 1107, 1038, 808

MS m/z (%): 208 (M⁺, 53), 162(100), 136(82), 135(95), 104(44), 77 (42)

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.19 (3H, t, J=7.5 Hz), 1.83 (2H, m), 2.59 (2H, t, =7.6Hz), 3.38 (2H, q, J=7.5 Hz), 3.49 (2H, d, J=7.1 Hz), 5.88 (2H, s), 6.60(1H, dd, J=7.8, 1.6 Hz), 6.67 (1H, d, J=1.6 Hz), 6.70 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz).

Compound 60

Mp: liquid

IRν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3051, 1602, 1500, 1481, 1242, 1185, 1113, 1038, 938

MS m/z (%): 222 (M⁺, 37), 162(100), 136(71), 135(71), 104(31), 77 (38)

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 0.92 (3H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 1.59 (211, sex, J=7.3 Hz),1.83 (2H, m), 2.60 (2H, d, J=7.6 Hz), 3.34 (211, t, J=7.3 Hz), 3.38(211, t, J=6.6 Hz), 5.87 (2H, s), 6.61 (1H, dd, J=7.8, 1.5 Hz), 6.67(1H, d, J=1.5 Hz), 6.70 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz).

Compound 61

Mp: liquid

IR ν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3050, 1602, 1500, 1482, 1242, 1110, 930, 808

MS m/z (%): 236 (M⁺, 27), 162(100), 136(60), 135 (48). 104(27), 77 (31)

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 0.90 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 1.36 (2H, m), 1.54 (2H, m),1.83 (2H, m), 2.59 (2H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 3.37 (2H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 3.38 (2H,t, J=6.8 Hz), 5.89 (2H, s), 6.64 (1H, dd, J=7.9, 1.5 Hz), 6.67 (1H, d,J=1.5 Hz), 6.70 (1H, d, J=7.9 Hz).

Compound 62

Mp: amorphous

IR ν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3353, 3051, 1598, 1512, 1279, 1109, 1016, 814

MS m/z (%): 182 (M⁺, 70), 150(48), 133(22), 124(78), 123(100), 104(21),77 (33)

¹H-NMR (CD₃COCD₃): δ1.17 (2H, m), 2.45 (2H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 3.20 (3H, s),3.26 (2H, t, J=6.4 Hz), 6.46 (1H, dd, J=8.0, 2.0 Hz), 6.63 (1H, d, J=2.0Hz), 6.67 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.64, 7.70 (each 1H, br s, —OH).

Compound 63

Mp: amorphous

IR ν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3333, 3051, 1599, 1512, 1279, 1188, 1109

MS m/z (%): 196 (M⁺, 63), 150(100), 133(32), 124(73), 123(71), 104(22),77 (33)

¹H-NMR (CD₃COCD₃): δ 1.12 (3H, t, J=7.9 Hz), 1.75 (2H, m), 2.50 (2H, t,J=7.6 Hz), 3.37 (2H, q, J=7.9 Hz), 3.42 (2H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 6.51 (1H, dd,J=8.1, 2.0 Hz), 6.68 (1H, d, J=2.0 Hz), 6.72 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz).

Compound 64

Mp: amorphous

IR ν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3351, 3049, 1598, 1512, 1277, 1189, 1112, 950, 789

MS m/z (%): 210 (M⁺, 58), 150(100), 133(27), 124(42), 123(63), 104(19),77 (14)

¹H-NMR (CD₃COCD₃): δ 0.88 (3H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 1.53 (2H, sex, J=7.4 Hz),1.78 (2H, m), 2.51 (2H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 3.32 (2H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 3.35 (2H,t, J=6.4 Hz), 6.51 (1H, dd, J=7.9, 2.0 Hz), 6.69 (1H, d, J=2.0 Hz), 6.73(1H, d, J=8.0 Hz).

Compound 65

Mp: amorphous

IR ν_(max) (cm⁻¹): 3354, 3051, 1598, 1511, 1277, 1110, 811

MS m/z (%): 224 (M⁺, 37), 150(100), 133(20), 132(27), 124(37), 123(52),104(12), 77 (15)

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 0.89 (3H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 1.37, 1.50, 1.76 (each 2H, m),2.50 (2H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 3.34 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz). 3.36 (2H, t, J=6.4 Hz),6.50 (1H, dd, J=8.1, 2.1 Hz), 6.68 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 7.68, 7.73 (each1H, br s, —OH).

Compound 638A

Mp: 125-126° C.

¹H-NMR (CD₃COCD₃): δ 2.77 (2H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 3.51 (2H, q, J=7.2 Hz),3.76 (3H, s), 3.78 (3H, s), 6.42, 7.39 (each 1H, d, J=15.6 Hz), 6.74(1H, dd, J=8.4, 2.0 Hz), 6.81-6.85 (3H, m), 6.91 (1H, dd, J=8.4, 2.0Hz), 7.05 (1H, d, J=2 Hz).

¹³C NMR: 35.7, 41.4, 55.6, 55.7, 112.2, 113.0, 114.1, 115.6, 118.8,120.7, 120.9, 127.6, 132.4, 139.9, 145.5, 147.1, 148.0, 149.4, 165.9

Compound 638B

Mp: 198° C.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃COCD₃): δ 2.83 (2H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 3.54 (2H, q, J=6.8Hz), 6.41, 7.40 (each 1H, d, J=16.0 Hz), 6.82 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 6.92(1H, dd, J=8.0, 1.8 Hz), 7.06 (1 H, d, J=1.8 Hz), 7.20 (2H, d, J=8.0Hz), 7.44 (2H, d, J=8.0 Hz)

¹³C NMR: δ 35.9, 41.4, 114.7, 116.1, 119.2, 120.2, 121.3, 128.0, 131.6,132.0, 139.8, 140.6, 146.0, 147.7, 166.6

Compound 638C

Mp: 174-177° C.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃COCD₃): δ 2.72 (2H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 3.45 (2H, q, J=7.2Hz), 6.40, 7.37 (each 1H, d, J=16.2 Hz), 6.73 (2H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 6.80(1H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 6.90 (1H, dd, J=8.4, 1.6 Hz), 7.03-7.04 (3H, m).

Compound 638D

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃COCD₃): δ 3.75 (3H, s), 4.42 (2H, d, J=6.0 Hz),6.49, 7.44 (each 1H, d, J=16.0 Hz), 6.81-6.94 (4H, m), 7.07 (1H, d,J=1.6 Hz), 7.25 (2H, dd, J=8.8, 2.4 Hz)

¹³C NMR: δ 43.2, 55.5, 114.4, 114.7, 116.1, 119.3, 121.4, 128.2, 129.6,132.2, 140.8, 146.0, 147.7, 159.5, 166.4

Compound 638E

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃COCD₃): δ 4.50 (2H, d, J=6.0 Hz), 6.52, 7.46 (each1H, d, J=15.6 Hz), 6.83 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 6.93 (1H, dd, J=8.0, 1.8 Hz),7.08 (1H, d, J=1.8 Hz), 7.19-7.34 (5H, m).

Compound 638F

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃COCD₃): δ 3.77 (3H, s), 6.59, 7.66 (each 1H, d,J=16.0 Hz), 6.83-6.88 (3H, m), 6.96 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.09 (1H, s),7.66 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz).

Compound 638G

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃COCD₃): δ 6.59, 7.53 (each 1H, d, J=15.4 Hz), 6.84(1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 6.97 (1H, dd, J=8.0, 2.2 Hz), 7.11 (1H, d, J=2.2 Hz),7.45 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.73 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz).

Compound 638H

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃COCD₃): δ 6.56, 7.49 (each 1H, d, J=15.6 Hz), 6.77(2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 6.83 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 6.96 (1H, dd, J=8.0, 2.0 Hz),7.08 (1H, d, J=2.0 Hz), 7.56 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz).

Compound 6381

Mp: 174-176° C.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃COCD₃): δ 4.51 (2H, d, J=6.0 Hz), 6.49, 7.44 (each1H, d, J=16.0 Hz), 6.82 (1H, d, J=8.2 Hz), 6.93 (1H, dd, J=8.2, 2.0 Hz),6.95-7.00 (1H, m), 7.06 (1H, d, J=2.0 Hz), 7.06-7.16 (2H, m), 7.30-7.36(1H, m).

Compound 639A

Mp: 126-127° C.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃COCD₃); δ 2.88 (2H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 3.65 (2H, q, J=7.2Hz), 3.87 (3 H, s), 3.88 (3H, s), 6.17, 7.53 (each 1H, d, J=15.6 Hz),6.82 (1H, d, J=8.4), 6.98 (1H, d, J=2.0 Hz), 7.04 (1H, dd, J=8.4, 2.0Hz), 7.20-7.33 (5H, m)

¹³C NMR: 36.6, 41.7, 56.0, 56.1, 110.9, 112.4, 120.4, 122.2, 126.8,128.9, 129.1, 129.3, 129.4, 140.0, 150.2, 151.5, 166.2.

Compound 639B

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃COCD₃): δ 2.27 (3H, s), 2.28 (3H, s), 2.86 (2H, t,J=7.2 Hz), 3.54 (2

H, q, J=7.2 Hz), 6.37, 7.49 (each 1H, d, J=15.6 Hz), 7.25 (1H, d, J=8.0Hz), 7.44 (1H, dd, J=8.0, 2.0 Hz), 7.47 (1H, d, J=2.0 Hz), 7.16-7.32(5H, m).

Compound 639C

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃COCD₃): δ 2.26 (3H, s), 2.85 (2H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 3.54(2H, q, J=7.2 Hz), 6.49, 7.44 (each 1H, d, J=15.6 Hz), 6.96 (1H, d,J=8.0), 7.04 (1H, s), 7.18 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.22-7.32 (5H, m).

Compound 640

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃COCD₃): δ 2.86 (2H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 3.55 (2H, q, J=7.4Hz), 3.83 (3 H, s), 6.54, 7.49 (each 1H, d, J=15.6 Hz), 6.84 (1H, d,J=8.4), 7.04 (1H, dd, J=8.4, 1.8 Hz), 7.14 (1H, d, J=1.8 Hz), 7.15-7.25(5H, m).

Compound 642A

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃COCD₃): 3.01 (3H, s), 4.67 (2H, s) 6.97, 7.57 (each1H, d, J=15.2 Hz), 6.76-6.85 (2H, m), 7.16 (1H, s), 7.26-7.35 (5H, m).

Compound 642B

Mp: amorphous

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃COCD₃): δ 2.87 (2H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 3.01 (3H, s), 3.53(2H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 6.68, 7.49 (each 1H, d, J=15.2 Hz), 6.77-6.91 (2H,m), 7.07 (1H, s), 7.22-7.38 (5H, m).

Compound 642C

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃COCD₃): δ 1.79-1.89 (4H, m), 3.44 (2H, t, J=6.8 Hz),3.66 (2H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 6.70, 7.42 (each 1H, d, J=15.4 Hz), 6.82 (1H, d,J=8.0 Hz), 6.99 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.13 (1H, s).

Compound 642D

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃COCD₃): δ 1.54-1.64 (6H, m), 3.53-3.61 (4H, m), 3.66(2H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 6.82 (1H, d, J=8.2 Hz), 6.96, 7.43 (each 1H, d,J=15.2 Hz), 7.01 (1H, dd, J=8.2, 1.6 Hz), 7.14 (1H, d, J=1.6 Hz).

The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention could be in theform of a liquid or a patch directly pasting on local wound area withall kinds of excipients, carriers, and diluents if necessary. Theformulation can be in the form of pastilles, tablets, and capsules withadding a binder, such as starch or sodium carboxymethyl celluloseaccording the conventional methods. The formulation also can be in theform of the sustained-release pastilles or capsules by adding thesustained-release reagents. However, the present invention provides amanufacturing process of the present formulation to produce doublepastilles or mixture particles with different release level based on thedesired particle size, or alternatively to produce an formulation byencapsulating the particle having various size with immediate releasefilm-coated pastilles, slow release film-coated pastilles, andanti-acidity film-coated pastilles.

The first aspect of the present invention is to provide a compound forpreventing or treating the diabetics and the implications thereof,wherein the compound is the catechol-based derivatives. The presentinvention further provides a pharmaceutical composition which comprisesa therapeutically effective amount of the compound and thepharmaceutical acceptable carriers or the excipients.

Pharmacological Activity

The pharmacological data of the compounds of the present invention isevaluated in vivo.

I. Capacities of the Compound to Reduce the Blood Sugar

(a) Male Wistar rats are provided from the National Laboratory AnimalBreeding and Research Center (Taipei, Taiwan), each of whose weight isabout 200-250 grams, and the average age thereof is above 8 weeks. Theywere housed under conditions of constant temperature (25±1° C.) andcontrolled illumination (light time and dark time are respectively 12hours). Food and water were available.

(b) Streptozocin-induced type 1 diabetic rats: the male Wistar rats of 8weeks age undergo a starvation for 72 hours, followed by anaesthetizingthe rats by injecting with 30 mg/kg pentobarbital into the abdominalcavity. After the rats fall asleep, 60 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) isadministrated by an intravenous injection. After a week, phlebotomizeand obtain a value of blood sugar by a glucose kit, wherein the glucosekit is further analyzed by Biosystem S.A., Barcelona Spain, BST330.While the value of the blood sugar is greater than 400 mg/dL and thetypical three symptoms, eating more, drink more, micturition occur, itis deemed as Type 1 Diabetic rats.

(c) Insulin-induced type 2 diabetic rats: the abdominal cavity of themale Wistar rats of 12 weeks age are injected with 0.5 IU/kg long-terminsulin (MonotardR HM) three times a day for fourteen days. Then, the 10mg/kg tolbutamide, an anti-diabetic drug of sulfonylurea class, isinjected into the abdominal cavity. Phlebotomize 0.1 ml bloodrespectively at the preadministration and the postadministration ofsixty minutes, and calculate the reduced value of the blood sugar. Ifthe variation of the ability of lowering blood sugar is less than 10%,which is deemed as the type II (insulin resistance) diabetes rat.

(d) The administration: Dissolve the medicine equivalently in deionizedwater, and then administrate the mentioned solution into the normal anddiabetic rats by an orally perfusion. Keep with the desiredconcentration of the perfusion amount by taking suitable amount of themedicine solution according to the weight of the different animal.

(e) Detection of the Blood Sugar

The rats to be experimented should undergo a starvation for 8-12 hoursovernight. Next day, the rats are anesthetized with 30 mg/kgpentobarbital by injecting into the abdominal cavity. After the ratsfall asleep, fix the rats on the board with the rubber band. Open thegroin, find the veins, bleed 0.1 ml blood from an empty stomach, andthen feed the medicine into the body of the rats by taking orally. After90 minutes, bleed and perform a centrifugation (13,000 rpm, 5 minutes)to separate the serum and the plasma. Take the 10 μl supernatant of theserum and add 1 ml reagent of the glucose kit thereinto by gentlymixing. React for 5 minutes at 37° C., followed by detecting the valueof the blood sugar by means of BST330 based on the different absorptionlevel. The principal of the glucose kit depends on the level of theglucose being oxidized into glucuronic acid and hydrogen peroxide, whichexhibits different levels of red color. The value of the blood sugar(mg/dL) is calculated by comparing the level of redness with contrastingthe standard curve.

(f) Calculation for percentage of lowering blood sugar

(The value of blood sugar at postadministration)−(The value of bloodsugar at preadministration)/(The value of blood sugar atpreadministration)×100%

(g) Statistical Method

The results of the experiments are presented in the average value±thestandard error (mean±SE), and the variations therebetween are evaluatedaccording to the Student's t-test, while the variations thereamong areevaluated according to one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's t-test, whereinP<0.05 is deemed to have apparent differences.

II. The Evaluations of the Compound on Flow Rate of the Coronary Artery

(h) The Evaluations on the Flow Rate of the Coronary Artery

Each of the male Wistar rats weighs about 200-250 grams, and isanesthetized with 25 mg/kg pentobarbital and 16 mg/kg heparin byinjecting into the abdominal cavity. After falling asleep, separate thecervical vertebra and immediately take the heart out hanging on theconstant pouring pressure circulation instrument (Langendorff, ADInstruments Pty Ltd, ML870B2) and fill a 37° C. pouring solution of 95%of oxygen and 5% of carbon dioxide with the artery (119.7 mM NaCl, 23.8mM NaHCO₃, 5.6 mM glucose, 1.2 mM CaCl₂, 1.1 mM MgCl₂, 0.3 mM NaH₂PO₄,and 5.0 mM KCl), which washes the heart and clean out the blood water bypouring in a reverse direction. The rate of the reverse pouring is 10ml/min, followed by maintaining the pouring pressure of the coronaryartery at 80 mmHg. After balancing for thirty minutes, measure the rateof the pouring solution flowing in the heart, and observe the change ofthe rate the pouring solution flowing in the heart while the testingdrug is added.

(i) The coronary artery ligature of the living rat—the heart protectiveevaluations at the reperfusion model.

The grown-up male rats having the weight of 250˜300 grams(Sprague-Dawley strain, purchased BioLASCO Taiwan Co., Ltd.) areanesthetized with 1.25 g/kg urethane by the abdominal cavity injection.After anaesthetization, cut the trachea, connect with the artificialrespirator (Harvard Rodent Ventilator Model 983), give 15 ml/kg of thetidal volume, and control the respiratory rate at 668 strokes/min,followed by cutting off both sides of the vagus immediately. After theintubation of the right arterial carotis, it is connected to thepressure converter (Statham P23XL transducer) so as to monitor thechanges of systemic blood pressure. In addition, the rats' four limbsare connected to the silver electrode, so as to record the changes ofthe electrocardiogram (ECG). Blood pressures, heartbeats andelectrocardiogram curves are recorded and analyzed by the software(MacLab data acquisition system, AD Instrument Pty, Castle Hill, NSW,Australia).

After all previous preparations have been done, open the ribcage by thethoracotomy and cut off the skin layers and muscles to find the rib.Burn the fourth and fifth rib close to 2 mm of the sternum in anelectrical knife and stabilize the injury with the retractor followed byrending the pericardial membrane, separating the left atrial appendagegently by the cottons, and clasping the anterior interventricular branchof the left coronary artery immediately between the left atrialappendage and the pulmonary artery by a needle forceps having a silkyarn with a hook. Put loops on both ends of silk yarn to seal the woundby unclamping the retractor. Balance in 15 minutes, and if there existscardiac arrhythmia or the systolic pressure is lower than 80 mmHg, itwill be eliminated.

After the balance, the acute cardiac muscle ischaemia is caused bypushing the loop passed by a silk yarn with a hemostat downwards to bestabilized. Then, unclamp the hemostat and uplift the loop to perform areperfusion of the coronary artery being ligated by the silk yarn. Whilethe flow of the coronary artery is successively blocked, the ischaemicarea should appear the cyanosis, where some indicators of the cardiacischaemia could be observed, including the lowering pressure of thecoronary artery and the changed electrocardiography (R wave broadens,and ST section raises), which is achieved by means of the same strengthof pushing downwards during each surgery. If the same surgical procedureis performed, the rat without administrating the drug and performing anischaemia and an ischaemia/reperfusion is regarded as the sham group.The rundown of the ischaemia and the ischaemia/reperfusion of thepresent test are as follows.

Perform an ischaemia for 45 minutes and perform an ischaemia/reperfusionfor 2 hours. Administrate by injecting the drug into the adnominalcavity after perform the ischaemia for 15 minutes.

(i-1) Detection of the Heart Intract Size

If the rat does not die from the cardiac arrhythmia, push the loopdownwards again to block the blood flow after the reperfusion isfinished. Inject the approximately 2 ml, 1% methylene blue into theischaemic area via a jugular vein, where the non-ischemic area is dyedas purple and the ischemic area or area at risk is retained as red.Subsequently, the heart is immediately took out and washed by thephysiological salt solution to remove the connective tissue of theatrium and the surplus water. Cut the undyed ischemic area and weightthe total ventricle to calculate the ischemic area of the ventricle.

Area at risk (% of total ventricular)=(Weight of risk area)/(Totalventricular weight)×100%.

Cut the ischemic area into a slice with the thickness of approximately 1mm. Immerse the slice into a TTC (2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride,in saline) solution, and heat the resultant solution at the 37° C.incubator for 30 minutes, followed by replacing the solvent with 10%formaldehyde solution to preserve the resulting solution for two weeks.The living cells are able to produce the dehydrogenase, which couldreduce TTC to a crimson formazan precipitate, whereas the dead cells areunable to produce dehydrogenase, which decolor the formazan as a grayprecipitate. Cut and weight the gray infraction area and calculate theratio.

Infract Size (% of risk area)=(Weight of infraction)/(Weight of riskarea)×100%.

Please refer to Table 10, which shows the result of the changes of bloodsugar in the treatment of the compound 370G among the normal rats andthe diabetic rats. This test is performed by orally administrating thecompound 370G. It is found that the phenomenon of reducing the bloodsugar are shown on the normal rats and the type II diabetics rats whenthey are orally administrated the compound 370G a catechol-basedderivative, with the dosage ranging from 0.05 to 1.0 mg/kg, wherein *Pis smaller than 0.05 and the blank solution is orally administrated as acontrol contrast.

TABLE 10 Normal rats Type 2 diabetic rats Type 1 diabetic rats %decrease % decrease % decrease 370G (45) in plasma in plasma in plasma(mg/kg) glucose n glucose n glucose n Vehicle 5.8 ± 5.7  8 2.6 ± 1.2  80.6 ± 0.1  8 (control) 0.01 11.4 ± 3.1  8 — — — — 0.05 32.0 ± 1.1 * 87.4 ± 2.6  5 — 0.1 32.9 ± 2.3 * 7 17.2 ± 2.6 * 5 11.8 ± 5.5 * 5 0.5 32.8± 3.4 * 6 20.1 ± 3.4 * 6 13.8 ± 4.3 * 6 1.0 29.5 ± 1.7 * 6 23.3 ± 3.3 *8 11.6 ± 1.7 * 8

Please refer to Table 14, which shows the comparative result of thechanges of blood sugar in the treatment of the compound 370G at thepreadministration and the postadministration. It is found that thecompound 370 G has the strongest effect for reducing the blood sugar onthe normal rat while having the weakest effect on the type I diabeticrat. Please refer to Table 11, which shows the result of the changes ofthe insulin's concentration in the treatment of the compound 370G at thepreadministration and the postadministration. After orallyadministrating the compound 370G with the dosage of 1.0 mg/kg, thesecretion of insulin can be increased in 60 minutes (*P<0.05), whichsuggested that the compound 370G for reducing the blood sugar may beassociated with enhancement of the secretion of insulin. However, it isalso observed that the dominant effect for reducing the blood sugar onthe type I diabetic rats, which are incapable of secreting insulin.Therefore, it is suggested that the compound 370G for reducing the bloodsugar involves another kind of mechanism associated with the blood sugarreduction in addition to enhance the release of insulin.

TABLE 11 370G (45) (1 mg/kg, p.o.) Pre-treatment Post-treatment(30 min)Insulin (μIU/ml) 7.7 ± 1.0 14.9 ± 3.4 *

TABLE 14 Pre-treatment Post-treatment Catechol Plasma Plasma Derivativesglucose glucose % decrease in (0.5 mg/kg) (mg/dL) (mg/dL) plasma glucosen Vehicle (control) 138.5 ± 5.9 129.3 ± 2.2   5.8 ± 5.7  8 639B 116.7 ±2.8 84.0 ± 5.0 ^(#) 28.1 ± 3.3 * 3 371G 108.0 ± 4.2 76.7 ± 1.8 ^(#) 28.8± 3.3 * 3 370G (45) 120.5 ± 5.3 81.0 ± 5.7 ^(#) 32.8 ± 3.4 * 6 639C104.2 ± 9.9 83.4 ± 3.9   19.3 ± 4.1  5 370D  90.7 ± 3.6 74.9 ± 3.6 ^(#)17.5 ± 1.9  7 638B  98.1 ± 5.2 76.8 ± 4.1 ^(#) 21.4 ± 3.0 * 8 638A 102.5± 2.4 83.6 ± 1.9 ^(#) 18.1 ± 2.9  8   615 (37) 138.3 ± 4.1 105.2 ± 3.5^(#)  23.9 ± 2.1 * 6

Please refer to Table VI, which shows the result of the changes of bloodsugar respectively in the treatment of the compound 370G andRosiglitazone. Rosiglitazone is a kind of insulin sensitizer. Thecompound 370G and Rosiglitazone are orally administrated into the typeII diabetic rats for 90 minutes, and then detect the plasma glucoseconcentration. It is found that the type II diabetic rats having theinsulin impedance have the similar effect for reducing the blood sugarwith the commercial insulin sensitizer.

TABLE VI Treatment % decrease in plasma glucose n Rosiglitazone (1mg/kg, p.o.) 15.6 ± 6.3 8 370G (45) (0.5 mg/kg, p.o.) 20.0 ± 7.7 8

Please refer to FIG. 1, which shows the result of the changes of theintravenous glucose tolerance test (IGTT) in the treatment of thecompound 370G. It is found that the glucose availability of the rats israised in the oral administration of the compound 370G with the dosageof 0.5 mg/ml/kg as compared the results of the control contrast(*P<0.05), which is administrated with 1000 mg/kg glucose for 30 minutesby an intravenous injection.

Please refer to Table 13, which shows the result of the survival rateafter orally administrating the compound 370G into the type I diabeticrats. Table 13 is a safety evaluation, wherein the type I diabetic ratsare respectively orally administrated with the compound 370G at thedosage of 10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg. After seven days, it is found that theadministration of the compound 370G at the respective dosage of 10 mg/kgand 30 mg/kg do not affect the survival rate of the rats.

TABLE VII 370G (45)Treatment Survival rate (%) of rats n 10 mg/kg, p.o.100% 4 30 mg/kg, p.o. 100% 4

In comparison with the ability of other compounds of catechol-basedderivatives for reducing the blood sugar, wherein the results shown inTable 14, it is found that these compounds are dominant on reducing theblood sugar after the oral administration of the catechol-basedderivatives. The statistics of *P<0.05 means the distinguishablevariation as compared with the control contrast, and the statistics of*P<0.05 means the distinguishable variation as compared with thepre-treatment contrast.

The present compounds of the catechol-based derivatives exhibit goodeffect on reducing the blood sugar for the normal and the diabetic ratsat the lower dosages ranging from 0.05 to 1 mg/kg, whereas the survivalrate of the above rats are not influenced at the higher dosages ofrespective 10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg. Therefore, this kind of catechol-basedderivatives could be developed to be a potential anti-diabetics drug.

The second aspect of the present invention is to provide acatechol-based derivative for preventing and/or treating ischemia andthe complication thereof, and to provide a pharmaceutical compositioncomprising the above derivative, including the therapeutically effectiveamount of the catechol-based derivative selected form the groupconsisting of the formula (I) and a pharmaceutical acceptable carrier oran excipient.

Please refer to Table 15 and 16, which respectively show the result ofthe coronary flow rate in the treatment of the catechol-basedderivatives. It is found that the respective compound 370G, 638J, 640,6381, 642A, 642B, 639B, and 639C are capable of increasing the coronaryflow rate of Wistar rats, which suggests that this kinds ofcatechol-based derivatives are capable of increasing the coronary flowrate and reducing the injury areas of cardiac muscles resulting from themyocardial ischemia-reperfusion.

TABLE 15 conc. coronary flow (ml/min) μM) 370G (45) n 638H n 640 n 638In 0 11.8 ± 1.0  5 9.0 ± 0.3 3 9.7 ± 1.3 4 7.4 ± 0.7 3 0.1 12.4 ± 1.1  59.0 ± 0.5 3 10.1 ± 1.5  4 7.1 ± 0.5 3 0.3 13.2 ± 1.4* 5 8.9 ± 0.5 3 10.2± 1.4  4 7.1 ± 0.5 3 1 15.6 ± 1.2* 5 9.1 ± 0.5 3 10.3 ± 1.5  4 7.6 ± 0.83 3 17.4 ± 1.3* 5 10.1 ± 0.7  3 11.0 ± 1.5* 4 8.2 ± 0.8 3 10 19.5 ± 0.7*4 13.1 ± 1.0* 3 14.6 ± 2.2* 4  9.3 ± 0.7* 3

TABLE 16 conc. coronary flow (ml/min) μM) 642A n 642B n 639B n 639C n 010.0 ± 0.7  3 9.8 ± 2.1 3 7.4 ± 0.2 3 11.9 ± 2.0 3 0.1 12.9 ± 0.4* 3 9.8± 2.1 3 0.3 14.2 ± 0.8* 3 10.4 ± 1.7  3 1 16.8 ± 1.6* 3 12.8 ± 1.9  3 9.0 ± 0.4* 3 13.5 ± 1.5 3 3 19.8 ± 2.1* 3 17.4 ± 1.9* 3 11.6 ± 0.6* 3 17.2 ± 1.8* 3 10 23.2 ± 1.7* 3

Please refer to FIG. 2, which shows the results of the ischemic areas atrisk after the coronary artery is ligated. The coronary artery of therat heart is ischaemic by ligating for 45 minutes, and the blood vesselis unclamped for the reperfusion for two hours, wherein some tissues ofthe local ischemic area will be deteriorated. After comparing therespective ratio of the areas at risk in the overall area between thecontrol contrast that orally administrated with DMSO and PEG solventsand the trial tests that orally administrated with the compound 370G atthe dosages of respective 10⁻⁶ mg/kg, 10⁻⁵ mg/kg, and 15 mg/kg, it isfound that the ratio variations thereof are non-obvious. (The ratio inthe treatment of DMSO, PEG, and the compound 370G at the dosages of 10⁻⁶mg/kg, 10⁻⁵ mg/kg, and 15 mg/kg are respectively 38.7±1.0%, of36.4+1.3%, of 39.1±1.9%, 36.7±2.3%, and 41.1±1.3%).

Please refer to FIG. 3, which shows the ratios of the cardiac infractsize in the treatment of 370G at the different dosages. The ratio ofboth DMSO and PEG, which serve as the contrast agents, are respectively80.2+1.2% and 80.1±1.0%. Surprisingly, the infract size is reduced to70.9±2.8 in the oral administration of the compound 370G at the dosageof 10⁻⁶ mole/kg (approximately 0.28 mg/kg); the infract size is reducedto 68.8±2.9% in the oral administration of the compound 370G at thedosage of 10⁻⁵ mole/kg (approximately 2.8 mg/kg); and the infract sizeis reduced to 62.8±1.8% in the oral administration of the compound 370Gat the dosage of 15 mole/kg. Therefore, the mentioned results show thedistinguishable variation as compared with the contrast agents,wherein * represents p<0.05, ** represents p<0.01, and *** representp<0.001).

Please refer to Table 15 and 16 again. In the animal tests of thecoronary artery ligature and the reperfusion, it is found that in thetreatment of the coronary artery ligature for 45 minutes and thereperfusion for two hours, the infract size of cardiac injury areascould be reduced by orally administrating with the catechol-basedderivatives after performing the coronary artery ligature for 15minutes. The Table 15 and 16 show that the respective compounds 370G,638J, 640, 6381, 642A, 642B, 639B, and 639C are capable of increasingthe coronary flow rate. Therefore, it is suggested that the respectivecompounds 638J, 640, 638I, 642A, 642B, 639B, and 639C have the similareffect of the compound 370G for preventing the heart or other tissuesdamaging resulting from the myocardial infraction.

In view of the above experimental results, the catechol-basedderivatives of the present invention are indeed capable of preventing ortreating the diabetics and the ischaemic diseases and the implicationsthereof.

While the invention has been described with reference to the aboveexamples, it is to be understood that the invention needs not be limitedto the disclosed embodiments. On the contrary, it is intended to covervarious modifications and similar arrangements included within thespirit and scope of the appended claims which are to be accorded withthe broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modificationsand similar structures.

1. A catechol-based derivative being one of a compound of a formula (I)and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

wherein R₁ and R₂ are independently selected from the group consistingof H, —OR, —NO₂, —NH₂, and a halogen; R in the —OR is one selected fromthe group consisting of H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (CH₂)_(n)Ph, SO₃″ and Ar; R₃ isone of O and S; R₄ is N; X and Y are selected from the group consistingof alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and —OCH₂—; R₅ is one selected from thegroup consisting of H, (C₁-C₁₅)alkyl, (CH₂)_(n)Ar and Ar, wherein the nis an integer from 1 to 3; and R₆ is one of H and (C₁-C₆) alkyl.
 2. Thecatechol-based derivative as claimed in claim 1, wherein the two R₁substituents of the benzene ring form a structure of:


3. The catechol-based derivative as claimed in claim 2, wherein Ar iscapable of being substituted by one selected from the group consistingof

and a heteroaryl group; wherein R₇, R₈, R₉ are selected from the groupconsisting of H, —OH, —OCH₃, —NO₂, —NH₂, —NH₃ ⁺, and a halogen; and X⁻represents one of an organic alkali and an inorganic alkali.
 4. Apharmaceutical composition for treating diabetes, comprising acatechol-based derivative of claim 1 and at least one selected from thegroup consisting of a pharmaceutical excipient, a diluent and a carrier.5. A pharmaceutical composition for treating an ischemia, comprising acatechol-based derivative of claim 1 and at least one selected from thegroup consisting of a pharmaceutical excipient, a diluent and a carrier.